Patient was instructed regarding management measures to prevent exacerbation of emphysema as follows: Compliance with smoking cessation is an important measure to avoid episodes of exacerbation of emphysema. Request family members who are smokers, to avoid smoking around you in the house. This will help avoiding passive smoking too. Avoid contact with family members and friends, who are sick and down with flu or pneumonia or any other respiratory infection. Observe compliance with the immunization [...]

Patient was instructed upon signs and symptoms of emphysema as follows: Enlarged chest or barrel-shaped chest, secondary to difficulty in emptying the lungs during expiration and consequent increased retention of air in the lungs. Chronic irritation in the throat, secondary to continued exposure to smoke and environmental pollutants and persistent cough. Continued inflammation of the airways results in damage to the cilia, which help in moving the mucus up towards the mouth, to be coughed [...]

Patient was instructed upon pathophysiology of emphysema as follows: Emphysema is a condition on the spectrum of COPD, involving extensive damage of the air sacs or alveoli of the lungs. Primary reason for emphysema is chronic active/passive cigarette smoking. Other irritants, such as, dust, pollen, and prolonged exposure environmental pollutants like exhaust from the vehicles and industrial waste can be precipitating factors too. Exposure to these respiratory tract irritants can lead to chronic unresolved cough [...]