Patient was educated on depolarization and repolarization due to movement of ions as follows: Depolarization and repolarization are the electrical events brought about by movement of ions in and out of the pacemaker cells and heart muscle cells. The inward movement of calcium ions result in depolarization of pacemaker cell. The depolarization wave spreads from one pacemaker cell to the next. The spread of this depolarization wave along the pacemaker cells results in initiation of [...]

Patient was educated on contraction and relaxation of heart as follows: Contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle are the mechanical changes happening in the heart during one cardiac cycle. Each normal healthy cardiac cycle involves one contraction and one relaxation of the heart. These mechanical events of contraction and relaxation are brought about by movement of ions in and out of the pacemaker and heart muscle cells. The movement of these ions in and [...]