Patient/caregiver was instructed on natural defenses against UTI in females as follows: Acidic environment of vagina: The vaginal tract normally has an acidic environment, which prevents growth of microorganisms. Estrogen secretion in females contribute significantly to the vaginal acidic environment. Reduced estrogen secretion in menopausal women contribute to alkaline environment in the vaginal tract. This change in the vaginal environment can put them at increased risk for growth of microorganisms, which can easily result in [...]

Patient/caregiver was instructed on natural defenses against UTI in females as follows: Immunity: Strong immune system, the body’s natural defense against invading microorganisms, help prevent growth of microorganisms and thus prevent development of UTI. Compromised immune states, such as, poorly controlled diabetes, HIV infection, malnutrition, and individuals undergoing chemotherapy or radiation result in poor defense and consequently, exercise poor check on the growth of infecting microorganisms. This can lead to development of UTIs. Acidic environment [...]

Patient/caregiver was instructed on natural defenses against UTI in males as follows:  Periodical bladder emptying: Periodical emptying of bladder can help avoid back-up of urine in the urinary system and frequently wash the bacteria out, thus preventing development of UTI. Urinary retention with backed-up urine can offer the bacteria more time to gain hold and thus, is a favorable medium for growth of microorganisms leading to UTI. Length of the urethra: The length of urethra [...]

Patient/caregiver was instructed on natural defenses against UTI in males as follows:  Immunity: Strong immune system, the body’s natural defense against invading microorganisms, help prevent growth of microorganisms and thus prevent development of UTI. Compromised immune states, such as, poorly controlled diabetes, HIV infection, malnutrition, and individuals undergoing chemotherapy or radiation result in poor defense and consequently, exercise poor check on the growth of infecting microorganisms. This can lead to development of UTIs. Acidic environment [...]

Patient/caregiver was instructed on pathophysiology of UTI as follows: Urinary tract infection is infection of any part of the urinary system, involving kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Usually UTIs involve the lower part of the urinary system, comprising urethra and urinary bladder. Normally urinary system is sterile and does not allow growth of any infecting microorganisms. Natural defenses, such as, immunity, acidic environment in the urinary tract, periodical emptying of bladder, contribute significantly to [...]