Patient/caregiver was instructed on pathophysiology of UTI as follows: Urinary tract infection is infection of any part of the urinary system, involving kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Usually UTIs involve the lower part of the urinary system, comprising urethra and urinary bladder. Normally urinary system is sterile and does not allow growth of any infecting microorganisms. Natural defenses, such as, immunity, acidic environment in the urinary tract, periodical emptying of bladder, contribute significantly to [...]