Patient was educated on neurogenic bladder (overactive bladder) as follows: When urine flows from the kidneys into the bladder, detrusor muscle, which is the smooth muscle of the bladder relaxes to accommodate more urine. At the same time, the sphincter muscle at the outlet from the bladder will contract, which prevents urine to flow from the bladder to the urethra. During voiding, voluntary contraction of the bladder muscle, helps to empty the bladder. At the [...]

Patient was educated on urge incontinence as follows: Urge incontinence is a condition in which people experience sudden uncontrollable urge to urinate, which results in sudden contraction and involuntary emptying the bladder. The urge will be intense, so much so that, any delay in reaching the restroom can result in people losing control of bladder and wetting themselves. Chronic diseases involving nervous system, brain, and spinal cord predispose individuals to develop urge incontinence. The causes can [...]

Patient was educated on the risk factors for stress incontinence as follows: Senility Senior citizens are at risk of losing the overall muscle tone gradually. So, diminished tone of pelvic floor muscles can result in stress incontinence. Pregnancy and childbirth Pregnancy and childbirth can weaken the muscles of pelvic floor, secondary to tissue damage, compromising the muscle tone and resulting in stress incontinence. Menopause in women Estrogen production is reduced in women at menopause. This [...]

Patient was educated on stress incontinence as follows: Pelvic floor muscles and sphincter muscles of urethra control the act of urination. These are muscles under voluntary control. Upon contraction, these muscles help with preventing leakage of urine. Relaxation of these muscles help initiating urination. Stress incontinence is secondary to weakened pelvic floor muscles and the sphincter muscles of urethra, thus compromising the voluntary control on act of urination. So, any pressure on the urinary bladder [...]

Patient was educated that the risk factors for overflow incontinence can include any conditions obstructing urine flow out of the bladder. Most common conditions include: Enlarged prostate Prostate is a small gland in males, located between the bladder and penis. The urethra draining the urine out from the bladder passes through the center of the prostate into the penis and drains the urine out. Any enlargement of prostate will press onto the urethra draining the [...]