Patient/caregiver was educated on contraindications for using Topamax as follows: Metabolic acidosis induced by Topamax intake can result in increased bone dissolution and loss of calcium and phosphate minerals from the bone, resulting in demineralization of bone. This can lead to weakened skeletal framework, osteoporosis, and fractures with slightest injury. Individuals with history of osteoporosis are at increased risk for skeletal injury and fractures with Topamax use. So, Topamax is better avoided or used with [...]

Patient/caregiver was educated on contraindications for using Topamax as follows: Diabetic patients, especially individuals with poorly controlled grossly elevated blood sugars, can develop ketosis, secondary to increased fat metabolism. In these individuals, secondary to lack of insulin, glucose could not be transported into the cells and so, is not available for metabolism and cellular needs. The cells depend on fat, as an alternate fuel, to meet the metabolic demand. Consequently, the cells produce ketone bodies, [...]

Patient/caregiver was educated on contraindications for using Topamax as follows: Topamax, by increasing loss of bicarbonate ions from the body, can result in excess of acid ions in the body, which consequently can lead to a dangerous acidotic condition called metabolic acidosis. Individuals with dehydration and diarrhea also suffer significant loss of bicarbonate ions and are naturally prone for developing metabolic acidosis. Use of Topamax in such individuals can tip the acid-base balance easily, to [...]

Patient/caregiver was educated on contraindications for using Topamax as follows: Do not take Topamax, if you ever manifested any allergic responses to intake of Topamax or any other medications used to control seizures and nerve pain, such as, Lyrica and Cymbalta. In the event of an allergic response with any of these medications, check with your physician regarding your safety with intake of Topamax. Topamax use, especially in individuals with history of anxiety and bipolar [...]

Patient/caregiver was educated on the side-effects of using Topamax as follows: Genitourinary side-effects Topamax use, over a prolonged period of time, secondary to increased bone dissolution, demineralization, and loss of calcium and phosphate minerals from the bone, can lead to formation of renal calcium stones, resulting in episodes of severe back and groin pain. The kidney stones thus formed can also obstruct the urine flow, resulting in difficulty passing urine, painful urination, and retention of [...]