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Therapeutic Uses and Mechanism of Action of Donepezil

Patient/caregiver was instructed upon therapeutic uses and mechanism of action of Donepezil as follows: Acetylcholine is one of the various other neurotransmitters in the brain, playing significant role in the functionality of memory and cognition. Acetylcholine produced in the brain binds to receptors called cholinergic receptors, located on the nerve cells. This binding of acetylcholine with the cholinergic receptors leads to stimulation of these receptors and utilization of acetylcholine by the cholinergic neurons promotes learning [...]

Pathophysiology of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

Patient/caregiver was instructed upon pathophysiology of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease as follows: A number of neurotransmitters in the brain, such as, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA, play a significant role in regulating various body functions like memory, mood, behavior, and body movements. These neurotransmitters in the brain have to be finely balanced to promote optimal body functions. Any disturbance in their regulation can lead to compromised memory, cognition, depression, anxiety, and altered [...]

Therapeutic Uses and Mechanism of Action of Divalproex Sodium

Patient/caregiver was instructed upon mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of divalproex sodium as follows: Entry of sodium ions into the nerve cells, through the sodium channels, result in neuronal firing. Rapid firing of nerve impulses is considered responsible for seizure activity, and mania. Gama-amino butyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain that helps with controlling the rapid firing of nerve impulses, and contributes towards relief from seizures and symptoms of mania. [...]

Diazepam and Mechanism of Action

Patient/caregiver was instructed upon diazepam and mechanism of action of diazepam as follows: Neurotransmitters in the brain and spinal cord are chemical messengers that help the nerve cells to communicate with each other. These chemicals can both be excitatory and inhibitory. Excitatory neurotransmitters help in stimulating the brain and spinal cord nerve cells. These chemicals contribute to promoting the impulses to spread from one cell to the other. Increased promotion of nerve impulses among nerve [...]

Therapeutic Uses and Mechanism of Action of Digoxin

Patient/caregiver was instructed upon therapeutic uses and mechanism of action of digoxin as follows: Digoxin is a medication used mainly to increase the force of cardiac contraction, in individuals with history of congestive heart failure. Digoxin increases the availability of sodium ion within the cardiac muscle cells, which eventually is exchanged for calcium ion. Thus, the level of calcium ions increase within the cell. Calcium ion plays a significant role in cardiac muscle contraction. Increased [...]