Patient was educated on side effects of NSAIDs use as follows: Nausea and vomiting This is the most common side effect of NSAIDs. Taking the pain pill with some food and water can minimize the effects of nausea and vomiting. Dyspepsia and heartburn NSAIDs can cause irritation of the stomach with upper abdominal discomfort and heartburn. Gastric ulcers Reduced synthesis of protective prostaglandins in the stomach, secondary to intake of NSAIDs, can lead to increased [...]

Patient was educated on how to take NSAIDs as follows: Take NSAID pill with or without food along with a full 8 oz. glass of water. Taking the medication with food helps prevent any nauseating sensation and stomach upset. Evenly space out the doses of pain pill and take the dose at the scheduled time every day. Keeping to the schedule of pain pill intake helps to avoid forgetting the medication. If you are taking [...]

Patient was educated on NSAIDs and their mechanism of action as follows: NSAID stands for Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These are medications that counter the inflammation in the tissues, by reducing swelling, pain, and temperature. NSAIDs act by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes result in reduced production of prostaglandins. Since prostaglandins result in swelling of the injured tissues and amplification of the sensitivity to pain, reduction in the production of [...]

Patient was educated on types of cyclooxygenase enzymes as follows: Cyclooxygenase enzymes are produced in the inflammatory cells of the tissues, secondary to an injury. Injured tissues, through the mediation of these cyclooxygenase enzymes, produce chemical mediators of inflammation called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins result in swelling of the injured tissues and amplification of the sensitivity to pain. There are two main types of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX enzymes) Cyclooxygenase-1 COX-1 is a type of cyclooxygenase enzyme produced [...]

Patient was educated on NSAIDs and renal disease as follows: NSAIDs, by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzymes, inhibit the production of prostaglandins in all the tissues. Renal prostaglandins help dilation of blood vessels in the kidneys and thereby, reduce the blood pressure. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the kidneys by NSAIDs, result in vasoconstriction and elevated blood pressure. Constriction of the blood vessels in the kidney can contribute to reduced blood flow to the renal tissue. [...]