Patient/caregiver were instructed on the signs and symptoms of diabetic foot ulcers as follows:

  1. Poorly managed diabetics could present with compromised blood circulation in the distal lower extremities, which can result in diminished blood supply to the ulcer site. Rich blood supply delivering fair amounts of oxygen and nutrients is needed for healing of the ulcer site. Continued compromised blood supply to the feet in poorly managed diabetics also leads to increased risk for delayed healing at the ulcer site, development of secondary infections, and dead tissue formation.
  2. The neuropathy could affect the sweat glands of the feet, resulting in reduced sweat production. Poor sweating in the feet can lead to dry and cracked skin, predisposing the individual to risk for skin breakdown and increased risk for skin infections.
  3. Secondary infections at the wound site can result in swelling around the wound site, local elevation of temperature, and foul smelling drainage. Patients can as well present with fever and chills, secondary to infection, but can often be absent.
  4. Development of dead tissue at the ulcer site can lead to necrosis & gangrene, giving the wound site a black discoloration.
  5. Diabetic foot ulcers secondary to trauma, such as, lacerations and piercing wounds on the feet, can involve other portions of the feet, depending on the site of injury.