Pathophysiology of Mitral Stenosis

Patient was educated on mitral stenosis and its pathophysiology as follows: A normal functioning mitral valve opens, when the left atrium contracts, allowing oxygenated blood from the left atrium to be pumped into the left ventricle. Upon contraction of left ventricle, this blood will be pumped into the aorta, to be distributed to all the vital organs in the body. Mitral stenosis is an abnormal condition of narrowing of the mitral valve opening, secondary to [...]

Normal Functioning Mitral Valve

Patient was educated regarding normal functioning of mitral valve as follows: Mitral valve is the valve on the left side of heart, between left atrium and left ventricle. Mitral valve opens when the left atrium contracts, allowing oxygenated blood from the left atrium to be pumped into the left ventricle. Contraction of left ventricle results in closing of the mitral valve and opening of the aortic valve. This results in oxygenated blood in the left [...]

Life-style Measures to be Observed with Aortic Regurgitation-3

Patient/caregiver was instructed regarding life-style measures to be observed with aortic regurgitation as follows: Be aware of signs and symptoms of clot and emboli formation, such as, acute dry cough, sudden chest pain with exacerbation of shortness of breath, acute calf pain with swelling of the lower limb, and dizziness. Observe compliance with recommendations for smoking cessation, if applicable. Observe compliance with intake of blood thinner and anticoagulant medications, if any ordered. Observe compliance with [...]

Life-style Measures to be Observed with Aortic Regurgitation-2

Patient/caregiver was instructed regarding life-style measures to be observed with aortic regurgitation as follows: Fluid back-up into the lungs in individuals with valvular heart disease can lead to fluid retention in the chest, difficulty in gas exchange in the lungs, poor oxygen pick-up, and exacerbation of shortness of breath. Observe compliance with log maintenance of everyday oxygen saturation readings. Report to your physician regarding any oxygen saturations consistently below 90. Oxygen dependent individuals must observe [...]

Life-style Measures to be Observed with Aortic Regurgitation-1

Patient/caregiver was instructed regarding life-style measures to be observed with aortic regurgitation as follows: Reduced output of blood from the heart, in individuals with valvular heart disease, can result in low blood pressure and hypotensive symptoms of dizziness and lightheadedness. Observe compliance with log maintenance of everyday blood pressure readings. Report to your physician regarding any consistent systolic readings below 90 and diastolic readings below 60. Persistent back-up of fluid in the heart chambers can [...]