Nurse educated the patient and caregiver on signs and symptoms of angina as follows:

Chest pain or discomfort

• Manifested as a squeezing sensation or tightness in the chest, can vary depending on the severity of the episode and the extent of cardiac muscle involvement.
• The pain can often radiate to the left upper extremity, shoulders, neck, and back. Also, with stable angina, the chest pain could be temporary and relieved with rest.
• With unstable and variant angina, the chest pain could be unrelieved with rest and progressively worsen with time.

Fatigue

• Patients can experience fatigue, secondary to compromised cardiac function and consequent reduced blood supply to vital organs.

Dizziness

• Patients can experience dizziness, secondary to compromised cardiac function and consequent reduced blood supply to the brain.

Shortness of breath

• Manifested as reduced exercise tolerance and compromised endurance, secondary to compromised cardiac function, reduced blood flow to the lungs, and consequent reduced oxygen pick-up in the lungs.
• Patients can also present with other constitutional symptoms, such as, nausea, sweating, anxiety, and palpitations.